What is Stagflation?
Stagflation describes periods of rising unemployment rates alongside slowing economic growth, i.e. negative gross domestic product (GDP).
An economic state of stagflation is characterized by rising inflation coupled with stagnating economic growth and soaring unemployment rates.
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How Does Stagflation Work in Economics?
The term “stagflation” is a blend between “stagnation” and “inflation”, which are two seemingly contradictory economic events.
Given the high rate of unemployment in the economy, most might expect inflation to decrease, i.e. overall prices decline because of weakened demand.
While the scenario above does in fact occur, there are times when a less probable scenario happens, e.g. high unemployment with rising inflation.
Therefore, the state of high unemployment rates and rising inflation is the defining characteristic of stagflation in economics.
What Causes Stagflation to Occur?
Often, a sudden contraction in global economic growth and rising unemployment rates can set the scene for stagflation.
However, the real catalyst is most often a supply shock, which is defined as unexpected events that cause significant disruptions to the global supply chain.
Considering how intertwined the supply chains of various countries have become amid rapid globalization, these supply shocks can have a domino effect in which bottlenecks or shortages can lead to major economic slowdowns.