What is a Cash Sweep?
The Cash Sweep refers to the optional prepayment of debt using excess free cash flows in advance of the originally scheduled repayment date.
Once all mandatory payments have been met, a borrower can opt to pay down a portion of its outstanding debt earlier than anticipated with its excess cash (if any).
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Cash Sweep: LBO Model Debt Schedule
The discretionary, early pay-down of debt reduces the principal balance coming due on the date of maturity – which decreases the credit risk of the borrower.
The reduction in debt principal also causes the interest expense (i.e. the periodic payments to the lender in exchange for the borrowing) to decline.
Certain debt providers such as senior lenders (e.g. corporate banks), who prioritize capital preservation above all else, will gladly accept early payment with either minimal (or no) early prepayment penalties imposed on the borrower.
In contrast, other returns-oriented lenders will typically issue debt with provisions prohibiting early prepayment, either for a specified period or for the entire duration of the loan.
Such lenders may also charge substantial prepayment penalties, even should early prepayment be allowed.
Modeling the Cash Sweep: LBO Optional Debt Paydown
In Excel, the formula for the cash sweep must calculate the free cash flow once all required payments are met, including the mandatory amortization of debt.
The excess cash is the amount remaining once all the following have been accounted for:
- “Rolled-Over” Excess Cash on the B/S from the Prior Period
- Cash Flow from Operations in the Current Period
- Cash Flow from Investing in the Current Period
- Cash Flow from Financing in the Current Period
If the borrower has remaining excess cash, the borrower can periodically pay down debt early – assuming the credit agreement does not contain language prohibiting such prepayments.
Additionally, the minimum cash balance of the company (i.e. the amount of cash required to be on hand by the company to fund working capital needs) must also be taken into consideration.
Hi! Just a quick question on the topic! but if there is a minimum cash requirement that changes every year, do i need to consider it before the cash sweep right? I subtract this minimum amount from the FCF before cash sweep? or how do i model that out? Thanks… Read more »
Hi, Kate,
The minimum cash requirement for each year would have already been accounted for as part of the “Excess Cash Available” line, which is something like this: beginning cash less minimum cash less excess cash flows that yar; so yes, you must account for it!
BB